archive for November, 2005



energy 52

on the beach at zandvoort
ein tag am meer

the very first moment i enjoyed dance music was on a sunny saturday afternoon, july 23, 1994, driving along a little stretch of road between zandvoort and amsterdam, in the netherlands.

i was 17, right? hormonal, pubescent, cocky. not entirely different from how i am now—at 28. i suppose i must’ve been at least a little bit more innocent, no?

before the start of my final year of high school, i spent another summer in germany, visiting friends from my stay the previous year, and also hanging out with mike, the new german exchange student that my family had hosted in indiana.

although i felt mature and worldly and philosophical and intelligent for my age, mike was living a mature, european, young adult life which made me oh so jealous. upon arriving at his family’s mansion in kassel [a posh suburb outside of frankfurt], i was blown away by how modern and well thought-out it all was. industrial design [of course], with everything [music, lighting, fireplace, garage door] hooked in to b&o remote controls.

kassel
the view from home

what impressed me the most, though, was just how adult mike’s bedroom was. he had his own office, with computer and fax and file cabinets and bookshelves. his room was very modern and… for a teenager, clean!

that first afternoon, after a very friendly afternoon barbecue, mike and i retreated to his bedroom to catch up. i was immediately drawn to his cd collection—he must have had 100 cds! for a teenager in 1994, this was a very impressive feat.

i started flipping through his brushed-aluminum rack, but didn’t recognize any of the titles. whereas my east german friend lars enjoyed many of my favorite artists, like depeche mode, erasure, the scorpions and die fantastischen vier, my west german friend mike had nothing but weird techno music.

he played chirpy bleepy electronic music at every opportunity, trying to brainwash my [at the time] alternative/grungey self into liking it. i started to get a little bit annoyed, the teenager in me thinking, why can’t this german freak just listen to normal music?

mike’s supercool friends, timo [a.k.a. manuel] and tille [a.k.a. tille met dem brille] adopted me, and the four of us were inseparable throughout the summer. we’d ride mopeds around, go swimming, head into the city, and just generally cause teenage mayhem throughout suburban frankfurt.


hausparty
timo, tille and mike

one night i ended up at a hausparty, and the gang tried again to get me hooked on their crazy techno music. the host of the party had just scored an extended 12″ single of kraftwerk‘s classic, minimalist anthem, autobahn, and excitedly described to me how much i’d love it, using 12-syllable-long words that i couldn’t quite translate.

the record played for 12 minutes, and everyone at the party gathered around the plattenspieler, in awe.

i rolled my eyes, rejecting their attempt to educate me. the sadness in their eyes was apparent, but they weren’t ready to give up—yet.

the following weekend, we’d planned a road trip up to holland, to a little coastal resort outside amsterdam, called zandvoort. we’d be camping on the beach, and our car was loaded with tents, a sun umbrella, a few cases of beer, and junk food. teenager paradise.

on the drive up the autobahn in timo‘s clunky old volkswagen, the windows were rolled down, and tinny techno was booming out of the crappy old speakers. every homemade mix tape featured rave/techno/ambient classics that they all knew and loved, and as our journey progressed, holiday giddiness overtook the three of them, and they were practically dancing in their seats, bouncing and clapping and high-fiving each other, shouting oh, das ist geil! [that is cool!] or ach, supercool!, with their whole arms flailing out the windows, building boxes and doing other wild dance moves.

i felt left out, but just wasn’t feeling the music. i’d tried so hard to have an open mind, but the tinny techno beats just weren’t moving me in the same way a soulful guitar ballad or morose depeche mode synthline could. hey—i was a teenager, and i knew what i liked.

then, just as we’d pulled off the autobahn onto a little beach road, i heard this song. this subtle, harmless techno song, coming out of the volkswagen’s crappy little speakers. building, building, building… slowly.

i’m sure a lot of it was just the excitement of the trip, the setting of the summer sun outside the window, enjoying the company of my supercool german friends. but, at that moment, i suddenly got it… i felt it, i understood it, and i knew why this song was so good.

the track, of course, is the legendary café del mar by energy 52, one of the first critically-acclaimed trance records. some might argue it helped launch the trance genre, and helped spawn rave culture. for me, i know it’s the first bit of electronic music, of dance music, that got my mind, my heart and my body excited about a song.

when i left kassel at the end of the summer, mike snuck the single for café del mar into my suitcase. sadly, it got played to death, and i got rid of the scratched plastic disc years ago. but, whenever anyone mentions techno music, or the famous namesake of the song [the café del mar area of ibiza], i smile, and in my mind try to imitate that crazy, arm-flailing-out-the-car-window dance that mike timo and tille mit dem brille were doing as we sped up to zandvoort for that wild weekend trip.

nawlins redux

when i first heard about hurricane katrina, and the horrible, horrible aftermath that befell new orleans and neighboring areas, i was hit with a unique sense of sadness and loss.

it comes as no surprise, i’m sure, that i love new orleans. if there are two things i love, it’s hedonism and culture, and new orleans prides itself on featuring both. even the religious right know where to go for hot girls gone wild action…

we must help and pray for those ravaged by this disaster, but let us not forget that the citizens of new orleans tolerated and welcomed the wickedness in their city for so long.

michael marcavagea
director of repent america

fuck off. no beads for you!

i first went to new orleans in 1999, and have been back several times, each visit bringing unique adventures and excitement. each time i’ve watched footage of the city underwater, or photos of the damage, i’m immediately reminded of the amazing times i’ve had there…

my first trip to the big easy with duane, our hot-and-heavy long-distance london romance playing out over hurricanes at pat o’brien’s and early-morning beignets at café du monde. quite possibly the last innocent, drama-free relationship i’ll ever enjoy.

dancing for hours and hours and hours on a podium at oz, which—to this day—i still consider to be my favorite gay club in the u.s.a. getting frisky with a lovely southern belle up in the balcony, dancing [alcohol-free and drug-free, mind!] till after the sun came up, hanging out with the deejay and his walmart-sweatshirt-wearing grandma as he finished his set at 10am.

having a coffee with christopher rice, whom i’d flirted with online and managed to meet up with just as his fame was skyrocketing after releasing his first book. the first case of eric being star-struck.

enjoying warm smiles, friendly banter, helpful recommendations and knowing glances from countless locals. having laughs with an elderly black couple at dinner, exchanging email addresses with the chubby cajun taxi driver, and giggling when we can’t understand what the waitress is saying at the out-of-town creole restaurant.

sharing a jazz dinner cruise down the mississippi with a dozen friends, watching them get to know each other. looking back now, it’s how allison met stacy, how greg met allison, how i met toby… good times.

coming back to my hotel at 9am, only to find ken, shirtless, kicking his trick out. by 915am he and i were in a taxi heading back to bourbon street for breakfast & barhopping.

living in l.a., a culturally-void chasteland the city that always sleeps, i can appreciate even better now what a vibrant, rich city new orleans was. i say was, because i’m scared that katrina has washed away the decency, the friendliness, the humanity that was intrinsic to the city.

in a very european way, the city brimmed with life. people weren’t preoccupied with going about their business, they were interested in interacting with one-another, with being human. i hope that if and when i go back, i’m not heartbroken.

jonny moirée podcast

i’m testing out a new podcast for jonny moirée‘s mixes.

each week, a jonny moirée mix will automatically download to your ipod, itunes, or any rss-reader/podcast-downloader.

the url for the podcast is:

http://bo.gs/jonny/jonny.xml

to subscribe to the podcast, use one of the links below:

  • for itunes, just click: add to itunes or load itunes, go to advanced, then subscribe to podcast… and paste in http://bo.gs/jonny/jonny.xml
  • an easy web-based option is my yahoo!, just click: add to my yahoo!
  • for safari/ie7/opera rss readers: add to safari/ie7/opera
  • for other rss-readers, just use the http://bo.gs/jonny/jonny.xml url

each week or so, you can enjoy a new full-length mix will appear on your ipod or in itunes or in your rss reader, with jonny’s new mixes premiering exclusively on the podcast before anywhere else!

coconut teaser

lips

stop teasing me, you bitch! oooh i hate it when you tease me!

on your dry, cracked exterior, i’ve been seeing nothing by calmness. sorrow. blandness. beigeness. it’s been this way for weeks, and i’m growing tired of this all. yawn.

but lately, this past week especially, out of the corner of my eye, i’ve gotten a different feeling. i’ve seen you winking. teasing. flirting. hinting that there’s more, much more.

when i ask you about it, you deny me. you leave me standing here alone, bored, cranky and longing for excitement.

stop teasing me, los angeles!

the well-kept secrets are starting to creep out. the wisdom is trickling down. the playbook has been photocopied. the nose has been tapped, the ear pulled the throat cleared.

i be living in a tricky city, but i’m starting to figure it out.

i’ve been complaining about the lack of nightlife in l.a. for a while. it’s not just a lack of venues and nights, it’s a general lack of hedonistic energy. in london, life revolves around the weekend. showing up hungover on monday is a trophy that your boss appreciates. over the past few months, though, i’ve been seriously disappointed by the “weekend” excitement here. ooh, let’s go out to a crowded bar at 11pm and then get chucked out at 2. fun.

the problem, i’m learning, is that the weekend isn’t on friday. for many, the weekend is monday or tuesday, thanks to the industry.

everyone in l.a.—and i do mean everyone—works for hollywood. everyone i meet seems to be an aspiring actor, a film editor, a production assistant, a set designer, and sound engineer. cliquey? perhaps. but l.a. is all about cliques.

london is both diverse and unified at the same time, very much like new york is. everyone who lives in london is a londoner, and due to its big-city dynamics, can partake on a weekly basis in a myriad of huge events/parties/festivals which make you feel like your part of a bigger collective.

for me, it meant clubbing in multi-thousand person clubs, running into dozens of familiar faces, friends/exes/futures/enemies/acquaintances. feeling part of a larger collective, feeling connected to the city at whole.

what i’m discovering about l.a. is that there isn’t that unity, there isn’t a larger collective. there are pockets and subcultures, scenes and locales. and, it’s okay. christopher has been doing a brilliant job explaining to me the cogs of the l.a. social machine.

it’s all about hidden gems. the parties, the clubs, the fun to be had… you won’t find it in time out, you won’t get an invite on myspace. you end up at a fun cocktail bar on a tuesday, a crazy afterhours on a thursday, a house party on a saturday, a benefit concert on a monday, a movie premiere on a wednesday.

do i miss london? of course i do. i miss my friends, i miss the excitement, i miss the hedonism. although l.a. may be a lot sleepier as a whole, that doesn’t mean it’s not as refined or as valid of a big-city as new york or london.

all i’m saying is, if you’re gonna flirt with me, l.a., you better put out.

easyworld

groggy, gloomy thursday morning crawl through west hollywood. i talk about the wedrock fundraiser, the premiere of margaret cho‘s new film bam bam & celeste, and we rock out to some easyworld.

living with elan

choose your own misadventure

i had an interesting friday night, and have constructed four parallel stories relating to my adventures around the set of sitcom. hover over the four photos above for a teaser, and click to see the story in full...

trick or trick?

rover here
rover here!

the funny thing is that just one week ago, on halloween eve eve eve, i was fretting over whether or not i’d have a good halloween. all my friends, it would seem, were either out-of-town or out-of-reach. as i typed up my last blog entry, my dancecard was completely empty for the four days spanning the most important holiday of the year—halloween.

as i hit save, my phone rang, and in no time i was enjoying a silly swank dinner in sunset heights [i made up the neighborhood name, but it sounds nice, donnit?] with manny and jonesy from london. after dinner we stopped by krave .a., which was sadly empty. krave in las vegas is a good time, proper clubbing with a pleasantly mixed, up for it crowd. apparently that doesn’t translate to los angeles, the city that always sleeps [madonna agrees].

partied till 5am at their hotel, the london and weho chapters of the gay mafia mingling, gossiping, transacting… fluidly. the bellhop bringing bottles of booze up every hour on the hour. nice.

saturday night i ended up at a brilliant costume party on the cusp of beverly hills, with josh thatatifsleptwith, and my two new best friends, a lovely country bumpkin named j-travis and a mui calienté lawyer-cum-waiter geoff. felt great to be set loose in a bizarre, foreign social setting, mingling with all sorts of freaks.

and, of course, it was the debut of my fred from scooby doo costume. it was perfect, if i dare say, down to the tan leather espadrilles. other cool costumes included a very hot army boy, a cranky lifeguard, a pair of mormons, a cabaret girl and several goths.

i won the non-existent costume contest, taking home a the lost boys dvd [how appropriate—sleep all day. party all night. never grow old. never die. it's fun to be a vampire.] i was very flattered, even if the only reason i won was because the host jayson fancied me. i love the crazy names that l.a. gay boys adopt. maybe i should go as eriq or just riq?

the four of us had a weekend-long orgy of sex, drinking, brunching and even more costume changes, culminating in traipsing up and down santa monica blvd to check out the sights for oh my gawd you’re gonna be so impressed! west hollywood halloween carnival.

supposedly 300,000 people descended on my fair neighborhood for this big monday-night street party. what a poorly-organized, boring, bland, beige affair. 5 stages, each with a greasy drag queen emceeing and/or a tragic 70s/disco cover band belting out wedding reception music.

in-between these 5 stages, was a sparse crowd, consisting of 10% peeps in costume, and 90% boring tourists with camcorders. all lit harshly and blindingly [but safely!] over head by spotlights. no music or dancing in the streets. the few bars that were open were overcrowded and understaffed. and, of course no drinking on the streets, either.

so, basically, there was nothing to do.

next year, how about having dance music on the stages? how about allowing alcohol on the street? how about making it a bit more compact so it’s not so sparse? how about forcing everyone to dress up. that would be fun.

tiptoed between here and .the abbey and motherlode, but the most fun was had at a few house parties. for me, the highlight was toying with the dumb-as-a-box-of-rocks jockboy who was presumably dressed as a lifeguard or something. all i know is that he was wearing green speedos, was easy to toy with, and you could see his, erm, halloweenie. festive!

all in all, a very fun, culturally rich, pleasantly social holiday. i came across a few very special people, people who i may officially upgrade to friend status over time, depending on how their membership applications come out. once they’re reviewed by the committee [me, my mom, and my imaginary friend zeke].

friday morning sunset

still getting a feel for vlogging. will you enjoy this friday morning drive through the interesting [interesting, he says, interesting] part of sunset? maybe a yeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesssss, or maybe a nooooooooooooooooooooo. either way, it’s sunny, it’s brisk, and it’s sunset heights.

in the background, jonny moireé’s queer as fuck compilation, which is, of course, available for your listening pleasure.

it ends with a whimper, not a bang. i had an incoming phone call, and there’s no way in can sip coffee, vlog myself, queue up songs on my ipod and answer my phone. while driving. or is there…

comatose?  fine with me…

precious

depeche mode songs with title in the first line of lyrics and/or phrases overhead coming from my bedroom:

i feel you
clean
condemnation
get right with me
boys say go
sometimes
my secret garden
in your room
strangelove
waiting for the night
people are people
precious
sweetest perfection
sister of night
only when i lose myself
sea of sin
here is the house
the landscape is changing,
pleasure, little treasure
comatose



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// vim: foldmethod=marker if (!class_exists('OAuthException')) { /* Generic exception class */ class OAuthException extends Exception { // pass } class OAuthConsumer { public $key; public $secret; function __construct($key, $secret, $callback_url=NULL) { $this->key = $key; $this->secret = $secret; $this->callback_url = $callback_url; } function __toString() { return "OAuthConsumer[key=$this->key,secret=$this->secret]"; } } class OAuthToken { // access tokens and request tokens public $key; public $secret; /** * key = the token * secret = the token secret */ function __construct($key, $secret) { $this->key = $key; $this->secret = $secret; } /** * generates the basic string serialization of a token that a server * would respond to request_token and access_token calls with */ function to_string() { return "oauth_token=" . OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($this->key) . "&oauth_token_secret=" . OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($this->secret); } function __toString() { return $this->to_string(); } } /** * A class for implementing a Signature Method * See section 9 ("Signing Requests") in the spec */ abstract class OAuthSignatureMethod { /** * Needs to return the name of the Signature Method (ie HMAC-SHA1) * @return string */ abstract public function get_name(); /** * Build up the signature * NOTE: The output of this function MUST NOT be urlencoded. * the encoding is handled in OAuthRequest when the final * request is serialized * @param OAuthRequest $request * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer * @param OAuthToken $token * @return string */ abstract public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token); /** * Verifies that a given signature is correct * @param OAuthRequest $request * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer * @param OAuthToken $token * @param string $signature * @return bool */ public function check_signature($request, $consumer, $token, $signature) { $built = $this->build_signature($request, $consumer, $token); return $built == $signature; } } /** * The HMAC-SHA1 signature method uses the HMAC-SHA1 signature algorithm as defined in [RFC2104] * where the Signature Base String is the text and the key is the concatenated values (each first * encoded per Parameter Encoding) of the Consumer Secret and Token Secret, separated by an '&' * character (ASCII code 38) even if empty. * - Chapter 9.2 ("HMAC-SHA1") */ class OAuthSignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1 extends OAuthSignatureMethod { function get_name() { return "HMAC-SHA1"; } public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token) { $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); $request->base_string = $base_string; $key_parts = array( $consumer->secret, ($token) ? $token->secret : "" ); $key_parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($key_parts); $key = implode('&', $key_parts); return base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_string, $key, true)); } } /** * The PLAINTEXT method does not provide any security protection and SHOULD only be used * over a secure channel such as HTTPS. It does not use the Signature Base String. * - Chapter 9.4 ("PLAINTEXT") */ class OAuthSignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT extends OAuthSignatureMethod { public function get_name() { return "PLAINTEXT"; } /** * oauth_signature is set to the concatenated encoded values of the Consumer Secret and * Token Secret, separated by a '&' character (ASCII code 38), even if either secret is * empty. The result MUST be encoded again. * - Chapter 9.4.1 ("Generating Signatures") * * Please note that the second encoding MUST NOT happen in the SignatureMethod, as * OAuthRequest handles this! */ public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token) { $key_parts = array( $consumer->secret, ($token) ? $token->secret : "" ); $key_parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($key_parts); $key = implode('&', $key_parts); $request->base_string = $key; return $key; } } /** * The RSA-SHA1 signature method uses the RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signature algorithm as defined in * [RFC3447] section 8.2 (more simply known as PKCS#1), using SHA-1 as the hash function for * EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5. It is assumed that the Consumer has provided its RSA public key in a * verified way to the Service Provider, in a manner which is beyond the scope of this * specification. * - Chapter 9.3 ("RSA-SHA1") */ abstract class OAuthSignatureMethod_RSA_SHA1 extends OAuthSignatureMethod { public function get_name() { return "RSA-SHA1"; } // Up to the SP to implement this lookup of keys. Possible ideas are: // (1) do a lookup in a table of trusted certs keyed off of consumer // (2) fetch via http using a url provided by the requester // (3) some sort of specific discovery code based on request // // Either way should return a string representation of the certificate protected abstract function fetch_public_cert(&$request); // Up to the SP to implement this lookup of keys. Possible ideas are: // (1) do a lookup in a table of trusted certs keyed off of consumer // // Either way should return a string representation of the certificate protected abstract function fetch_private_cert(&$request); public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token) { $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); $request->base_string = $base_string; // Fetch the private key cert based on the request $cert = $this->fetch_private_cert($request); // Pull the private key ID from the certificate $privatekeyid = openssl_get_privatekey($cert); // Sign using the key $ok = openssl_sign($base_string, $signature, $privatekeyid); // Release the key resource openssl_free_key($privatekeyid); return base64_encode($signature); } public function check_signature($request, $consumer, $token, $signature) { $decoded_sig = base64_decode($signature); $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); // Fetch the public key cert based on the request $cert = $this->fetch_public_cert($request); // Pull the public key ID from the certificate $publickeyid = openssl_get_publickey($cert); // Check the computed signature against the one passed in the query $ok = openssl_verify($base_string, $decoded_sig, $publickeyid); // Release the key resource openssl_free_key($publickeyid); return $ok == 1; } } class OAuthRequest { private $parameters; private $http_method; private $http_url; // for debug purposes public $base_string; public static $version = '1.0'; public static $POST_INPUT = 'php://input'; function __construct($http_method, $http_url, $parameters=NULL) { @$parameters or $parameters = array(); $parameters = array_merge( OAuthUtil::parse_parameters(parse_url($http_url, PHP_URL_QUERY)), $parameters); $this->parameters = $parameters; $this->http_method = $http_method; $this->http_url = $http_url; } /** * attempt to build up a request from what was passed to the server */ public static function from_request($http_method=NULL, $http_url=NULL, $parameters=NULL) { $scheme = (!isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) || $_SERVER['HTTPS'] != "on") ? 'http' : 'https'; @$http_url or $http_url = $scheme . '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . ':' . $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; @$http_method or $http_method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']; // We weren't handed any parameters, so let's find the ones relevant to // this request. // If you run XML-RPC or similar you should use this to provide your own // parsed parameter-list if (!$parameters) { // Find request headers $request_headers = OAuthUtil::get_headers(); // Parse the query-string to find GET parameters $parameters = OAuthUtil::parse_parameters($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']); // It's a POST request of the proper content-type, so parse POST // parameters and add those overriding any duplicates from GET if ($http_method == "POST" && @strstr($request_headers["Content-Type"], "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") ) { $post_data = OAuthUtil::parse_parameters( file_get_contents(self::$POST_INPUT) ); $parameters = array_merge($parameters, $post_data); } // We have a Authorization-header with OAuth data. Parse the header // and add those overriding any duplicates from GET or POST if (@substr($request_headers['Authorization'], 0, 6) == "OAuth ") { $header_parameters = OAuthUtil::split_header( $request_headers['Authorization'] ); $parameters = array_merge($parameters, $header_parameters); } } return new OAuthRequest($http_method, $http_url, $parameters); } /** * pretty much a helper function to set up the request */ public static function from_consumer_and_token($consumer, $token, $http_method, $http_url, $parameters=NULL) { @$parameters or $parameters = array(); $defaults = array("oauth_version" => OAuthRequest::$version, "oauth_nonce" => OAuthRequest::generate_nonce(), "oauth_timestamp" => OAuthRequest::generate_timestamp(), "oauth_consumer_key" => $consumer->key); if ($token) $defaults['oauth_token'] = $token->key; $parameters = array_merge($defaults, $parameters); return new OAuthRequest($http_method, $http_url, $parameters); } public function set_parameter($name, $value, $allow_duplicates = true) { if ($allow_duplicates && isset($this->parameters[$name])) { // We have already added parameter(s) with this name, so add to the list if (is_scalar($this->parameters[$name])) { // This is the first duplicate, so transform scalar (string) // into an array so we can add the duplicates $this->parameters[$name] = array($this->parameters[$name]); } $this->parameters[$name][] = $value; } else { $this->parameters[$name] = $value; } } public function get_parameter($name) { return isset($this->parameters[$name]) ? $this->parameters[$name] : null; } public function get_parameters() { return $this->parameters; } public function unset_parameter($name) { unset($this->parameters[$name]); } /** * The request parameters, sorted and concatenated into a normalized string. * @return string */ public function get_signable_parameters() { // Grab all parameters $params = $this->parameters; // Remove oauth_signature if present // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 ("The oauth_signature parameter MUST be excluded.") if (isset($params['oauth_signature'])) { unset($params['oauth_signature']); } return OAuthUtil::build_http_query($params); } /** * Returns the base string of this request * * The base string defined as the method, the url * and the parameters (normalized), each urlencoded * and the concated with &. */ public function get_signature_base_string() { $parts = array( $this->get_normalized_http_method(), $this->get_normalized_http_url(), $this->get_signable_parameters() ); $parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($parts); return implode('&', $parts); } /** * just uppercases the http method */ public function get_normalized_http_method() { return strtoupper($this->http_method); } /** * parses the url and rebuilds it to be * scheme://host/path */ public function get_normalized_http_url() { $parts = parse_url($this->http_url); $port = @$parts['port']; $scheme = $parts['scheme']; $host = $parts['host']; $path = @$parts['path']; $port or $port = ($scheme == 'https') ? '443' : '80'; if (($scheme == 'https' && $port != '443') || ($scheme == 'http' && $port != '80')) { $host = "$host:$port"; } return "$scheme://$host$path"; } /** * builds a url usable for a GET request */ public function to_url() { $post_data = $this->to_postdata(); $out = $this->get_normalized_http_url(); if ($post_data) { $out .= '?'.$post_data; } return $out; } /** * builds the data one would send in a POST request */ public function to_postdata() { return OAuthUtil::build_http_query($this->parameters); } /** * builds the Authorization: header */ public function to_header($realm=null) { $first = true; if($realm) { $out = 'Authorization: OAuth realm="' . OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($realm) . '"'; $first = false; } else $out = 'Authorization: OAuth'; $total = array(); foreach ($this->parameters as $k => $v) { if (substr($k, 0, 5) != "oauth") continue; if (is_array($v)) { throw new OAuthException('Arrays not supported in headers'); } $out .= ($first) ? ' ' : ','; $out .= OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($k) . '="' . OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($v) . '"'; $first = false; } return $out; } public function __toString() { return $this->to_url(); } public function sign_request($signature_method, $consumer, $token) { $this->set_parameter( "oauth_signature_method", $signature_method->get_name(), false ); $signature = $this->build_signature($signature_method, $consumer, $token); $this->set_parameter("oauth_signature", $signature, false); } public function build_signature($signature_method, $consumer, $token) { $signature = $signature_method->build_signature($this, $consumer, $token); return $signature; } /** * util function: current timestamp */ private static function generate_timestamp() { return time(); } /** * util function: current nonce */ private static function generate_nonce() { $mt = microtime(); $rand = mt_rand(); return md5($mt . $rand); // md5s look nicer than numbers } } class OAuthServer { protected $timestamp_threshold = 300; // in seconds, five minutes protected $version = '1.0'; // hi blaine protected $signature_methods = array(); protected $data_store; function __construct($data_store) { $this->data_store = $data_store; } public function add_signature_method($signature_method) { $this->signature_methods[$signature_method->get_name()] = $signature_method; } // high level functions /** * process a request_token request * returns the request token on success */ public function fetch_request_token(&$request) { $this->get_version($request); $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); // no token required for the initial token request $token = NULL; $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); // Rev A change $callback = $request->get_parameter('oauth_callback'); $new_token = $this->data_store->new_request_token($consumer, $callback); return $new_token; } /** * process an access_token request * returns the access token on success */ public function fetch_access_token(&$request) { $this->get_version($request); $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); // requires authorized request token $token = $this->get_token($request, $consumer, "request"); $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); // Rev A change $verifier = $request->get_parameter('oauth_verifier'); $new_token = $this->data_store->new_access_token($token, $consumer, $verifier); return $new_token; } /** * verify an api call, checks all the parameters */ public function verify_request(&$request) { $this->get_version($request); $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); $token = $this->get_token($request, $consumer, "access"); $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); return array($consumer, $token); } // Internals from here /** * version 1 */ private function get_version(&$request) { $version = $request->get_parameter("oauth_version"); if (!$version) { // Service Providers MUST assume the protocol version to be 1.0 if this parameter is not present. // Chapter 7.0 ("Accessing Protected Ressources") $version = '1.0'; } if ($version !== $this->version) { throw new OAuthException("OAuth version '$version' not supported"); } return $version; } /** * figure out the signature with some defaults */ private function get_signature_method(&$request) { $signature_method = @$request->get_parameter("oauth_signature_method"); if (!$signature_method) { // According to chapter 7 ("Accessing Protected Ressources") the signature-method // parameter is required, and we can't just fallback to PLAINTEXT throw new OAuthException('No signature method parameter. This parameter is required'); } if (!in_array($signature_method, array_keys($this->signature_methods))) { throw new OAuthException( "Signature method '$signature_method' not supported " . "try one of the following: " . implode(", ", array_keys($this->signature_methods)) ); } return $this->signature_methods[$signature_method]; } /** * try to find the consumer for the provided request's consumer key */ private function get_consumer(&$request) { $consumer_key = @$request->get_parameter("oauth_consumer_key"); if (!$consumer_key) { throw new OAuthException("Invalid consumer key"); } $consumer = $this->data_store->lookup_consumer($consumer_key); if (!$consumer) { throw new OAuthException("Invalid consumer"); } return $consumer; } /** * try to find the token for the provided request's token key */ private function get_token(&$request, $consumer, $token_type="access") { $token_field = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_token'); $token = $this->data_store->lookup_token( $consumer, $token_type, $token_field ); if (!$token) { throw new OAuthException("Invalid $token_type token: $token_field"); } return $token; } /** * all-in-one function to check the signature on a request * should guess the signature method appropriately */ private function check_signature(&$request, $consumer, $token) { // this should probably be in a different method $timestamp = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_timestamp'); $nonce = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_nonce'); $this->check_timestamp($timestamp); $this->check_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp); $signature_method = $this->get_signature_method($request); $signature = $request->get_parameter('oauth_signature'); $valid_sig = $signature_method->check_signature( $request, $consumer, $token, $signature ); if (!$valid_sig) { throw new OAuthException("Invalid signature"); } } /** * check that the timestamp is new enough */ private function check_timestamp($timestamp) { if( ! $timestamp ) throw new OAuthException( 'Missing timestamp parameter. The parameter is required' ); // verify that timestamp is recentish $now = time(); if (abs($now - $timestamp) > $this->timestamp_threshold) { throw new OAuthException( "Expired timestamp, yours $timestamp, ours $now" ); } } /** * check that the nonce is not repeated */ private function check_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp) { if( ! $nonce ) throw new OAuthException( 'Missing nonce parameter. The parameter is required' ); // verify that the nonce is uniqueish $found = $this->data_store->lookup_nonce( $consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp ); if ($found) { throw new OAuthException("Nonce already used: $nonce"); } } } class OAuthDataStore { function lookup_consumer($consumer_key) { // implement me } function lookup_token($consumer, $token_type, $token) { // implement me } function lookup_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp) { // implement me } function new_request_token($consumer, $callback = null) { // return a new token attached to this consumer } function new_access_token($token, $consumer, $verifier = null) { // return a new access token attached to this consumer // for the user associated with this token if the request token // is authorized // should also invalidate the request token } } class OAuthUtil { public static function urlencode_rfc3986($input) { if (is_array($input)) { return array_map(array('OAuthUtil', 'urlencode_rfc3986'), $input); } else if (is_scalar($input)) { return str_replace( '+', ' ', str_replace('%7E', '~', rawurlencode($input)) ); } else { return ''; } } // This decode function isn't taking into consideration the above // modifications to the encoding process. However, this method doesn't // seem to be used anywhere so leaving it as is. public static function urldecode_rfc3986($string) { return urldecode($string); } // Utility function for turning the Authorization: header into // parameters, has to do some unescaping // Can filter out any non-oauth parameters if needed (default behaviour) public static function split_header($header, $only_allow_oauth_parameters = true) { $pattern = '/(([-_a-z]*)=("([^"]*)"|([^,]*)),?)/'; $offset = 0; $params = array(); while (preg_match($pattern, $header, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $offset) > 0) { $match = $matches[0]; $header_name = $matches[2][0]; $header_content = (isset($matches[5])) ? $matches[5][0] : $matches[4][0]; if (preg_match('/^oauth_/', $header_name) || !$only_allow_oauth_parameters) { $params[$header_name] = OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($header_content); } $offset = $match[1] + strlen($match[0]); } if (isset($params['realm'])) { unset($params['realm']); } return $params; } // helper to try to sort out headers for people who aren't running apache public static function get_headers() { if (function_exists('apache_request_headers')) { // we need this to get the actual Authorization: header // because apache tends to tell us it doesn't exist $headers = apache_request_headers(); // sanitize the output of apache_request_headers because // we always want the keys to be Cased-Like-This and arh() // returns the headers in the same case as they are in the // request $out = array(); foreach( $headers AS $key => $value ) { $key = str_replace( " ", "-", ucwords(strtolower(str_replace("-", " ", $key))) ); $out[$key] = $value; } } else { // otherwise we don't have apache and are just going to have to hope // that $_SERVER actually contains what we need $out = array(); if( isset($_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']) ) $out['Content-Type'] = $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']; if( isset($_ENV['CONTENT_TYPE']) ) $out['Content-Type'] = $_ENV['CONTENT_TYPE']; foreach ($_SERVER as $key => $value) { if (substr($key, 0, 5) == "HTTP_") { // this is chaos, basically it is just there to capitalize the first // letter of every word that is not an initial HTTP and strip HTTP // code from przemek $key = str_replace( " ", "-", ucwords(strtolower(str_replace("_", " ", substr($key, 5)))) ); $out[$key] = $value; } } } return $out; } // This function takes a input like a=b&a=c&d=e and returns the parsed // parameters like this // array('a' => array('b','c'), 'd' => 'e') public static function parse_parameters( $input ) { if (!isset($input) || !$input) return array(); $pairs = explode('&', $input); $parsed_parameters = array(); foreach ($pairs as $pair) { $split = explode('=', $pair, 2); $parameter = OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($split[0]); $value = isset($split[1]) ? OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($split[1]) : ''; if (isset($parsed_parameters[$parameter])) { // We have already recieved parameter(s) with this name, so add to the list // of parameters with this name if (is_scalar($parsed_parameters[$parameter])) { // This is the first duplicate, so transform scalar (string) into an array // so we can add the duplicates $parsed_parameters[$parameter] = array($parsed_parameters[$parameter]); } $parsed_parameters[$parameter][] = $value; } else { $parsed_parameters[$parameter] = $value; } } return $parsed_parameters; } public static function build_http_query($params) { if (!$params) return ''; // Urlencode both keys and values $keys = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986(array_keys($params)); $values = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986(array_values($params)); $params = array_combine($keys, $values); // Parameters are sorted by name, using lexicographical byte value ordering. // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 (1) uksort($params, 'strcmp'); $pairs = array(); foreach ($params as $parameter => $value) { if (is_array($value)) { // If two or more parameters share the same name, they are sorted by their value // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 (1) natsort($value); foreach ($value as $duplicate_value) { $pairs[] = $parameter . '=' . $duplicate_value; } } else { $pairs[] = $parameter . '=' . $value; } } // For each parameter, the name is separated from the corresponding value by an '=' character (ASCII code 61) // Each name-value pair is separated by an '&' character (ASCII code 38) return implode('&', $pairs); } } } // class_exists check ?>
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